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中國(guó)小額信貸聯(lián)盟簡(jiǎn)介
中國(guó)小額信貸聯(lián)盟，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)聯(lián)盟，英文名稱(chēng)：China Association of Microfinance (CAM)，其前身是“中國(guó)小額信貸發(fā)展促進(jìn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)”，是中國(guó)小額信貸領(lǐng)域最早的全國(guó)性會(huì)員制協(xié)會(huì)組織。其引進(jìn)并推動(dòng)的普惠金融理念已經(jīng)寫(xiě)入十八屆三中全會(huì)決議，并成為國(guó)務(wù)院在金融改革領(lǐng)域的重點(diǎn)工作。聯(lián)盟堅(jiān)持農(nóng)村金融領(lǐng)域?qū)嵺`，支持公益小額信貸機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)展，得到各方面贊賞。聯(lián)盟率先在國(guó)內(nèi)成立互聯(lián)網(wǎng)P2P行業(yè)自律委員會(huì)，在普惠金融和小額信貸領(lǐng)域具有廣泛的影響力。
小額信貸作為一種有效的扶貧方式和一種金融創(chuàng)新，在中國(guó)經(jīng)歷了十多年的實(shí)驗(yàn)、示范和推廣過(guò)程。眾所周知，作為最初一批從事小額信貸實(shí)驗(yàn)的國(guó)內(nèi)小額信貸機(jī)構(gòu)大部分是依靠國(guó)際組織援助或當(dāng)?shù)卣С纸⑵饋?lái)的一些非政府、非營(yíng)利的組織，它們?yōu)橹袊?guó)小額信貸的發(fā)展起了積極的推動(dòng)作用，為扶貧事業(yè)做出了很大貢獻(xiàn)。但是由于政策及法律方面的限制、小額信貸機(jī)構(gòu)自身體制和能力的局限以及資金來(lái)源不足等方面原因，這些機(jī)構(gòu)很難可持續(xù)發(fā)展。我們認(rèn)為，作為一種有效扶貧手段的小額信貸，只有納入我國(guó)金融改革和發(fā)展的整體框架，才能可持續(xù)發(fā)展，也才能有長(zhǎng)效的作用。
在2000年初期國(guó)內(nèi)有關(guān)小額信貸的研討會(huì)上，小額信貸的研究者和實(shí)踐者們多次提出成立行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)（或網(wǎng)絡(luò)）的建議，尤其是在2003年9月于北京召開(kāi)的小額信貸國(guó)際研討會(huì)上此呼聲更高，并得到了國(guó)內(nèi)有關(guān)部門(mén)和有關(guān)國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)的重視，在聯(lián)合國(guó)開(kāi)發(fā)計(jì)劃署（UNDP）資助的人民銀行完成的小額信貸政策研究報(bào)告中就提出了成立小額信貸行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)的監(jiān)管政策。建議由小額信貸行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)實(shí)行行業(yè)自律，政府提供一定的政策引導(dǎo)。2003年底，為適應(yīng)小額信貸發(fā)展的需要，參考人民銀行政策研究報(bào)告的建議，作為最早開(kāi)展小額信貸實(shí)驗(yàn)示范及研究的中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院農(nóng)村發(fā)展研究所和管理著國(guó)內(nèi)規(guī)模最大的外援小額信貸項(xiàng)目的商務(wù)部中國(guó)國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)交流中心決定發(fā)起成立中國(guó)小額信貸行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)（或網(wǎng)絡(luò)）。后又得到全國(guó)婦聯(lián)發(fā)展部的大力支持。經(jīng)征求民政部意見(jiàn)，2005年11月在花旗基金會(huì)的資金支持下，中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院農(nóng)村發(fā)展研究所、商務(wù)部中國(guó)國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)交流中心和全國(guó)婦聯(lián)婦女發(fā)展部聯(lián)合發(fā)起成立了“中國(guó)小額信貸發(fā)展促進(jìn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)”。
在2010年9月17日召開(kāi)的中國(guó)小額信貸發(fā)展促進(jìn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的年會(huì)上，經(jīng)出席會(huì)員代表大會(huì)的全體會(huì)員機(jī)構(gòu)代表一致通過(guò)，將“中國(guó)小額信貸發(fā)展促進(jìn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)”正式更名為“中國(guó)小額信貸聯(lián)盟”。聯(lián)盟成立初期，會(huì)員主要由公益性質(zhì)的扶貧小額信貸組織構(gòu)成，隨著中國(guó)小額信貸行業(yè)的發(fā)展，聯(lián)盟逐漸吸收了從事小額信貸業(yè)務(wù)的商業(yè)銀行和小額貸款公司等機(jī)構(gòu)作為其會(huì)員。 截止2014年12月31日，聯(lián)盟的正式會(huì)員機(jī)構(gòu)為193家，覆蓋全國(guó)29個(gè)省市。
自成立以來(lái)，聯(lián)盟與人民銀行和銀監(jiān)會(huì)等政策和監(jiān)管部門(mén)保持著密切的聯(lián)系與合作，在政策倡導(dǎo)、行業(yè)自律、培訓(xùn)與技術(shù)支持、信息交流和籌資服務(wù)等領(lǐng)域開(kāi)展了大量工作，為會(huì)員提供了卓有成效的服務(wù)。在花旗網(wǎng)絡(luò)能力建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的支持下，聯(lián)盟自身的治理結(jié)構(gòu)和服務(wù)水平也得到了改善和提高。每年舉辦的年會(huì)和花旗微型創(chuàng)業(yè)獎(jiǎng)已成為中國(guó)小額信貸領(lǐng)域備受關(guān)注的重大活動(dòng)，也是聯(lián)盟的品牌性活動(dòng)。
在全球化背景下，聯(lián)盟參考國(guó)際小額信貸發(fā)展?fàn)顩r和規(guī)律，將小額信貸定義成為貧困、低收入人群和微型企業(yè)提供的信貸服務(wù)，并進(jìn)而將小額信貸服務(wù)拓展到包括儲(chǔ)蓄、匯款和保險(xiǎn)在內(nèi)的微型金融領(lǐng)域。在關(guān)注低端人群金融服務(wù)的同時(shí)，聯(lián)盟也積極促進(jìn)為所有階層提供全方位金融服務(wù)的普惠金融體系的建設(shè)，并努力將微型金融納入普惠金融體系之內(nèi)。
聯(lián)盟愿景
成為一個(gè)有代表性的、可持續(xù)的、向會(huì)員機(jī)構(gòu)和整個(gè)行業(yè)提供高質(zhì)量服務(wù)的行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)。
聯(lián)盟宗旨
通過(guò)為會(huì)員機(jī)構(gòu)提供服務(wù)和支持，提高小額信貸機(jī)構(gòu)的覆蓋面和可持續(xù)性以及行業(yè)的整體能力和水平，為沒(méi)有充分享受金融服務(wù)的群體（特別是貧困和低收入人群）提供普惠金融服務(wù)，促進(jìn)和諧社會(huì)建設(shè)。
聯(lián)盟職能
政策倡導(dǎo)：通過(guò)政策研究、宣傳、對(duì)話等方式，促進(jìn)有利于小額信貸與普惠金融發(fā)展的金融政策和監(jiān)管框架的改善。
行業(yè)自律：通過(guò)推廣行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、機(jī)構(gòu)評(píng)估、評(píng)級(jí)開(kāi)展行業(yè)自律，促進(jìn)財(cái)務(wù)和社會(huì)績(jī)效指標(biāo)的公開(kāi)、透明和規(guī)范化。
培訓(xùn)與技術(shù)支持：為會(huì)員機(jī)構(gòu)和整個(gè)行業(yè)提供以需求為導(dǎo)向的培訓(xùn)和技術(shù)支持，從而提高小額信貸從業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)的管理和運(yùn)營(yíng)能力。
信息交流：建立中國(guó)小額信貸門(mén)戶網(wǎng)站，出版刊物和文集，組織年會(huì)、研討會(huì)、考察和訪問(wèn)等活動(dòng)，促進(jìn)行業(yè)內(nèi)外、國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)的信息交流。
籌資服務(wù)：開(kāi)展籌資推介活動(dòng)，為會(huì)員機(jī)構(gòu)籌集資金。
理事長(zhǎng)：杜曉山 副理事長(zhǎng)：崔郁、王偉黎、
l常務(wù)委員會(huì)名單
1.全國(guó)婦聯(lián)婦女發(fā)展部
2.商務(wù)部國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)交流中心
3.中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院農(nóng)村發(fā)展研究所
4.哈爾濱銀行
5.內(nèi)蒙古赤峰昭烏達(dá)婦女可持續(xù)發(fā)展協(xié)會(huì)
6.內(nèi)蒙古小額信貸協(xié)會(huì)
7.上海點(diǎn)榮金融信息服務(wù)有限責(zé)任公司（點(diǎn)融網(wǎng)）
8.上海信而富企業(yè)管理有限公司
9.鹽池婦女發(fā)展協(xié)會(huì)
10.宜信惠民投資管理（北京）有限公司
11.智農(nóng)富民（北京）農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展有限公司
l理事會(huì)名單
1.北京富平學(xué)校
2.北京中聯(lián)創(chuàng)投電子商務(wù)有限公司（抱財(cái)網(wǎng)）
3.海南省農(nóng)村信用社聯(lián)合社
4.河間市三農(nóng)農(nóng)業(yè)專(zhuān)業(yè)合作社
5.合力貸（北京）科技有限公司（合力貸）
6.開(kāi)縣民豐互助合作會(huì)
7.融通匯信信息科技（北京）有限公司（阿朋貸）
8.上海小額貸款公司協(xié)會(huì)
9.西鄉(xiāng)婦女發(fā)展協(xié)會(huì)
l顧問(wèn)委員會(huì)名單
1.安信永國(guó)際
2.花旗
3.美國(guó)格萊珉基金會(huì)
4.孟加拉鄉(xiāng)村銀行信托基金
5.法國(guó)沛豐
6.世界銀行
7.中國(guó)人民銀行
8.中國(guó)銀行業(yè)監(jiān)督管理委員會(huì)
9.德國(guó)技術(shù)合作公司
10.中國(guó)銀行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)
11.國(guó)務(wù)院扶貧辦
12.國(guó)務(wù)院發(fā)展研究中心
13.中國(guó)扶貧基金會(huì)
14.中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)銀行
15.國(guó)家開(kāi)發(fā)銀行
16.中國(guó)發(fā)展研究基金會(huì)湯敏
17.中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)教授何廣文
Introduction of CAM
The China Association of Microfinance (hereinafter referred to as CAM) is the first national member-based association in microfinance sector in China, and it introduced and promoted the concept of inclusive finance, which has been written in the resolution of the third plenary session of 18th Central Committee of CPC and also become the focus of the State Council in the field of financial reform. CAM advocates for the practice in rural finance and supports the development of public-interest microfinance institutions, being recognized by all the parties. CAM took a lead to set up a self-discipline committee of P2P and has a wide influence in the field of microfinance and inclusive finance.
As an effective method for poverty alleviation and a financial innovation, microfinance has experienced ten-year process of experimentation, demonstration and expansion. As we know, most of the very first domestic MFIs engaging in microfinance experiments are those non-government organizations (hereinafter referred to as NGOs) or non-profit organizations (hereinafter referred to as NPOs), relying on the aid from international institutions or the support from the local governments. Although these MFIs have played an active role in facilitating the development of microfinance in China and made a great contribution for poverty alleviation, they can hardly achieve sustainability owing to the restriction by policy and law, the constraint about their own system and capability, and the insufficiency of fund sources etc. We believe thatmicrofinance, as an effective measure for poverty reduction, is unable to realize its sustainable development and exert its lasting function until it is included in the whole framework of financial reform and development of China.
In the domestic microfinance workshops during the early 2000, some researchers and practitioners ofmicrofinance put forward a suggestion to set up a guild or a network for many times, the voice of which was higher especially in the international workshop of microfinance held in Beijing in September of 2003. The relevant domestic departments and international organizations attached importance to this suggestion, subsequently, UNDP assisted the People’s Bank of China (hereinafter referred to as PBC) to completemicrofinance policy research report, in which the supervisory policy pertaining to microfinance guild was raised, which advised the guild to conduct self-discipline and the government to offer certain policy guidance. At the end of 2003, in order to accommodate the development needs of microfinance and with reference to the advice in the policy research report of PBC, Rural Development Institute (hereinafter referred to as RDI) of China Academy of Social Sciences (hereinafter referred to as CASS) that was the earliest one to undertake microfinance experimentation, demonstration and research in China, and China International Center for Economic and Technical Exchanges (hereinafter referred to as CICETE) that governed foreign-aid microfinance program with the largest scale in China, decided to initiate the formation of microfinance guild or network in China, and later obtained strong support from Development Department of All-China Women Federation (hereinafter referred to as ACWF). After requesting the opinion of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, RDI of CASS, CICETE and ACWF, with the fund support of Citi, jointly set up the CAM in November, 2005.
At the general assembly of CAM held on September 17, 2010, all the members present reached a consensus on the Chinese name change of CAM. At the early stage, CAM’s members mainly comprised public-interest microfinance institutions for poverty alleviation. With the development of microfinance in China, CAM has gradually absorbed financial institutions involving in microfinance business, such as commercial banks and microfinance companies. As of December 31, 2014, there were 193 formal members, covering 29 provinces and cities across the country.
Since its setup, CAM has maintained a close relationship and cooperation with policy and regulatory departments like PBC and China Banking Regulatory Commission (hereinafter referred to as CBRC), and undertaken lots of activities in the fields of policy advocacy, self-regulation, training and technical assistance, information exchanges and fundraising services, serving its members in an effective way. With the support of Citi Network Strengthening Program, the governance structure and service level of CAM have been improved. The annual conference and Global Microentrepreneurship Award held by CAM every year have been regarded as significant events in China’s microfinance sector and also been marked as the brand events of CAM.
Under the background of globalization, CAM defines microcredit as credit services provided to the poor and low-income people and microenterprises and then expands the definition of microcredit services to microfinance field including savings, money transfer and insurance by referring to the international microfinance development and rule. While focusing on the financial services targeting the lower-end population, CAM also actively promotes the construction of inclusive financial sectors offering complete financial services to all levels of people and strives to include microfinance into inclusive financial sectors.
Vision of CAM
To become a representative and sustainable association providing high-quality services to its member institutions and the microfinance industry in China.
Mission of CAM
To offer inclusive financial services to financially under-serviced groups (especially the poor and low-income populations) and to promote the establishment of a harmonious society through providing services and support to its member institutions and enhancing the outreach and sustainability of MFIs as well as theoverall capacity and level of the microfinance sector.
Functions of CAM
Policy Advocacy: To promote the improvement of financial policy and regulatory framework in favor of microfinance development by the way of policy research, propaganda and dialogue.
Self-Discipline: To carry out self-regulation and promote the openness, transparency and standardization of financial and social performance indicators by disseminating industrial standards, institutional assessment and rating.
Training & Technical Assistance: To provide demand-driven training and technical assistance to its members and the whole industry so as to improve the management and operation capacity of MFIs.
Information Exchanges: To set up the website of China’s microfinance gateway, publish publications and collections, organize annual conferences and workshops as well as field visits so as to facilitate information exchanges.
Fundraising Service: To undertake investment workshops and help its members to raise funds.
Chairman of Board: Du Xiaoshan
Vice Chairman of Board: Cui Yu, Wang Weili,
lList of Standing Committee of CAM
1.Development Department of ACWF
2.CICETE
3.RDI of CASS
4.Harbin Bank
5.Inner Mongolia Chifeng Zhaowuda Women’s Sustainable Development Association
6.Inner Mongolia Microcredit Association
7.Shanghai Dianrong Financial Information Service Co., LTD
8.China Rapid Finance Co., LTD
9.Yanchi Women's Development Association, Ningxia
10.CreditEase Investment Management (Beijing) Co., Ltd
11.
lList of Board of Directors of CAM
1.Beijing Fuping Institute
2.Beijing Zhonglian Chuangtou E-commerce Co., LTD
3.Hainan Rural Credit Cooperatives Union
4.Hebei Hejian Sannong Agricultural Professional Cooperatives
5.Helloan（Beijing) Technology Co., LTD
6.Kaixian Minfeng Mutual Cooperatives
7.Rongtonghuixin (Beijing) Information Consulting Co., LTD
8.Shanghai Microloan Company Association
9.Xixiang Women's Development Association
lList of Advisory Committee
1.ACCION International
2.Citi
3.Grameen Foundation USA
4.Grameen Trust
5.Planet Finance
6.World Bank
7.PBC
8.CBRC
9.GIZ
10.China Banking Association
11.China Poverty Alleviation Department of State Council
12.Development Research Center of State Council
13.China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation
14.Agricultural Bank of China
15.China Development Bank
16.Tang Min, China Development Research Foundation
17.Prof. He Guangwen, China Agricultural University